Allocating the Environment Handle

The first task for any ODBC application is to load the Driver Manager; how this is done is operating-system dependent. For example, on a computer running Windows NT Server, Windows NT Workstation, or Windows 95, the application either links to the Driver Manager library or calls LoadLibrary to load the Driver Manager DLL.

The next task, which must be done before an application can call any other ODBC function, is to initialize the ODBC environment and allocate an environment handle. To do this:

1 The application declares a variable of type SQLHENV. It then calls SQLAllocHandle and passes the address of this variable and the SQL_HANDLE_ENV option. For example:

SQLHENV henv1;

SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv1);

2 The Driver Manager allocates a structure in which to store information about the environment, and returns the environment handle in the variable.

The Driver Manager does not call SQLAllocHandle in the driver at this time, as it does not know which driver to call. It delays calling SQLAllocHandle in the driver until the application calls a function to connect to a data source. For more information, see “Driver Manager’s Role in the Connection Process,” later in this chapter.

When the application has finished using ODBC, it frees the environment handle with SQLFreeHandle. After freeing the environment, it is an application programming error to use the environment’s handle in a call to an ODBC function; doing so has undefined but probably fatal consequences.

When SQLFreeHandle is called, the driver releases the structure used to store information about the environment. Note that SQLFreeHandle cannot be called for an environment handle until after all connection handles on that environment handle have been freed.

For more information about the environment handle, see “Environment Handles” in Chapter 4, “ODBC Fundamentals.”